As you read the excerpts from this speech, highlight Webster’s arguments for the Fugitive Slave Law and his points of defense of southern complaints against the north in regards to slavery and abolition. A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Later became a sucessful businessman who helped organize abolitionists. This quiz is incomplete! Name this notable woman. Share practice link. South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification. 1755-1835. . In the South, agriculture was the dominant type of labor. American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. After emancipation and the ravaging of the William Walker led pirating in Central America. Nice work! Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. Live Game Live. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Host a game. Slaveowning decreased from 36% to 25% from 1830 to 1860. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster. Mounting sectional tensions and a failure of political will led to the Civil War. Developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s, in these factories as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the process, and the workers were almost all single young farm women, who worked for a few years and then returned home to be housewives. Group Three: "Northern Free Negroes and Southern Slaves" Historical Background Southerners became more passionately pro-slavery in response to increased northern opposition to the institution. American educator who was the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, suggested reforms in education. An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. his depictions of western wildlife contributed to the western population movements, An African American preacher who helped start the free African society and the African Methodist Episcopal church, A free African American who urged blacks to take their freedom by force, Work songs, devotional music--"spirituals" and gospel hymns, African American. Slavery Ante Bellum APUSH Guide for American Pageant chapter 16 and AMSCO chapter 9 Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. APUSH PERIOD FIVE KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW ... States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. Slavery as a positive good was the prevailing view of White Southern U.S. politicians and intellectuals just before the American Civil War, as opposed to a crime against humanity. (HAPPY= Historical context, audience, purpose, … Source(s): https://shrinke.im/a7We5. "Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791. Privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them. A leading attorney who argued many famous cases in the Supreme Court. Email me if you have questions or file issues. A bank Congress charted that had the power to establish a national currency to make large loans to business. Save. Southern Defense of Slavery. While she continue to fight for racial equality, she broadened her views to include the rights of women and Native Americans. Others minimize slavery and point to other factors, such … The articles also refer in passing to the Underground Railroad, the term given to a secret network of transportation and hiding places for runaway slaves fleeing north. A fugitive slave carried with him the legal status of slavery, even into a territory which didn't have slavery. This white woman wrote popular and highly successful historical novels. The Popular Sovereignty Panacea. George Fitzhugh, a Virginia “pro-slavery intellectual,” voiced some particularly radical ideas. APUSH Chapter 6 & 7 Test DRAFT. Played 0 times. The industrialization of the north and the expansion of demand for cotton in the south shifted the balance so that it became a regional issue, as the southern economy grew increasingly reliant on cheap labor. The rest of the Old Testament was often mined by pro-slavery polemicists for examples proving that slavery was common among the Israelites. Lead to the panic of 1837 and all that lead up to it, and a change in the American Political Party System. 7. Electoral map of the. Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River. APUSH REVIEWED! What do we notice? 1805-1879. Play. This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S. March 7, 1850. The degree of education among the populace They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. by martinsha. APUSH: Chapter 22, "The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877" questionMost of the aristocratic southern plantation owners lost their wealth during the Civil War. Periods 6 (1865-1898) & 5 (1844-1877) ... Wilmot’s Proviso attempts to make land ceded by Mexico “off limits” to expansion of slavery; result is wildly increased sectional tension. A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. Peculiar institution. by phillip_paramore_30597. The defended nullification, opposed tariffs and worked to get strict fugitive slave laws passed. American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. A natural post-war depression caused by overproduction and the reduced demand for goods after the war. APUSH Review: Key Documents To Know From Period 5 ... Southern Chivalry – Argument versus Club’s, 1856. His concept of "utility of benevolence" proposed the reformation of society as well as of individuals. In 1836, concerning a speech on the defense of slavery, Hammond claimed that the only way slavery could be abolished was if the slaveholder permitted it. Southern Defense of Slavery: States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. "Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860" StudyNotes.org. sectional tensions over the institution of slavery. (Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701–1840, University of Georgia Press, 1987, p. Some historians have claimed that positive defenses of slavery were virtually nonexistent until the rise of abolitionism during the 1830s. Always 100% free. Furthermore, he explained, the system of slavery inhibited the South’s ability to compete with Northern industrialism and stunted Southern economic growth. 0 0. terrible at pre-calculus. Defense of states' rights, rather than the preservation of chattel slavery, was the primary cause that led eleven Southern states to secede from the Union, thus precipitating the War. C) deflected potential class antagonisms among whites. Built from 1817- 1825 ; 7 million dollars. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Changes in the South. The virtues were piety, purity, submission, and domesticity. 11th - University . A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. the audubon society for the protection of birds was named after him. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. • States’ rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good. 0% average accuracy. C) deflected potential class antagonisms among whites. Secretary of Treasury to Jefferson who reduced the national debt and balanced the budget. Affirmed federal control of interstate commerce under commerce clause of the Constitution. This resource contains 12 pages of notes aligned within Time Period #4 [1800 to 1848] of the Advanced Placement United States History curriculum. Impact of Election? The scholars immediately disagreed over the causes of the war and disagreement persists today. (1809-1884) American inventor and industrialist, he invented the mechanical reaper and harvesting machine that quickly cut down wheat. Played 724 times. sectional tensions over the institution of slavery. Helper cinched his argument by preying on the greatest fear of white Southerners - slave insurrection. It became more extreme. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country. “Southern ministers had written the majority of all published defenses of slavery,” Jemison reminds us. (1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. Developing Proslavery Arguments. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. Each of the two great political parties was a vital bond of national unity, for each enjoyed powerful support in both North and South; to politicians, the wisest strategy seemed to be to sit on the lid of the slavery issue and ignore it; the cover bobbed up and down in response to the agitation of northern abolitionists and impassioned southern “fire-eaters” You just finished Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860. Period 5 – Continued Western Expansion, Mexican-American War, Immediate build-up to the Civil War, Civil War, Reconstruction. Describe the fierce southern response to abolitionism and the growing defense of slavery as a “positive good.” Questions 1793: Eli Whitney invented the _____________, which led to more cotton farming, which led to greater demand for slave labor. He was an artist who specialized in painting wild fowl. D) fit in with the democratic ideals of the time. William Walker led pirating in Central America. Congressman from New Hampshire and senator representing Massachusetts. Election of 1860 . She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendent of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. The Popular Sovereignty Panacea. In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. B) coincided with the main ideological directions of the time. States' rights, nullification, and racist stereotyping provided the foundation for the Southern defense of slavery as a positive good. Delete Quiz. 1. Gordon, whose death took place in New York in 1862, the 2, The huge bulk of the increase in the slave population came not from imports but instead from natural reproduction—a fact that distinguished slavery in America from other New World societies and implied much about the tenor of the slave regime, Above all, the planters regarded the slaves as investments, into which they had sunk nearly $2 billion of their capital by 1860; slaves were the primary form of wealth in the South and as such they were cared for as any asset is cared for by a prudent capitalist, Accordingly, they were sometimes spared dangerous work and if a neck was going to be broken, the master preferred it to be that of a wage-earning Irish laborer rather than that of a prime field hand, worth $1,800 by 1860 (price had quintupled since 1800), Tunnel blasting and swamp draining were often consigned to itinerant gangs of expendable Irishmen because those perilous tasks were “death on blacks and mules”, Slavery was profitable for the great planters, though it hobbled economic development of the region as a whole; the profits of the cotton boom sucked ever more slaves from the upper to the lower South; by 1860, Deep South states of SC, FL, MI, ALA, and LA each had a majority of blacks and accounted for half of all slaves in the South, Breeding slaves in a way that cattle are bred was not openly encouraged, But thousands of blacks from the soil-exhausted slave states of the Old South were “sold down the river” to toil as field-gang laborers on the cotton frontier, Women who bore ten plus babies were prized as “rattlin’ good breeders” and some of these fecund females were promised their freedom when they had produced ten, White masters all too frequently would force their attentions on female slaves, fathering a sizable mulatto population, most of which remained enchained, Slave auctions were brutal sights; the open selling of slaves under hammer, was among the most revolting aspects of slavery; on auction block, families were separated with frequency, usually for economic reason such as bankruptcy or division of property, Abolitionists decried the practice, and Harriet Beecher Stowe seized on the emotional power of this theme by putting it at the heart of the plot of, White southerners often romanticized about the happy life of their singing, dancing, banjo-strumming, joyful “darkies” but conditions carried greatly from region to region, from large plantation to small farm, and from master to master in the South, Everywhere slavery meant hard work, ignorance, and oppression; the slaves usually toiled from dawn to dusk in the fields, under the watchful eyes and ready whip-hand of a white overseer or black “driver”—they had no civil or political rights, They only had minimal protection from arbitrary murder or unusually cruel punishment; some states banned the sale of a child under the age of ten from his mother but all such laws were difficult to enforce, since slaves were forbidden to testify in court or even to have their marriages legally recognized, Floggings were common, for the whip was the substitute for the wage-incentive system and the most visible symbol of the planter’s mastery; strong-willed slaves were sometimes sent to “breakers,” whose technique consisted in lavish laying on the lash, But savage beatings made sullen laborers, and lash marks hurt resale values; the typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them, By 1860 most slaves were concentrated in the “black belt” of the Deep South that stretched from SC and GA into the new southwest states of ALA, MI, and LA, This was the region of the southern frontier, into which the explosively growing Cotton Kingdom had burst in a few short decades; as on all frontiers, life was often rough and raw and in general the lot of the slave was harder there than in other areas, A majority of blacks lived on larger plantations that harbored communities of twenty or more slaves; in some counties of the Deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than 75 percent of the population, There the family life of slaves tended to be relatively stable, and a distinctive African-American slave culture developed—forced separations of families were evidently more common on smaller plantations and in the upper South (slave marriages), With impressive resilience, blacks managed to sustain family life in slavery and most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households; continuity of family identity evident, African-Americans also displayed African cultural roots when they avoided marriage between first cousins, in contrast to the frequent intermarriage in the planter aristocracy, African roots were also visible in the slaves’ religious practices; though heavily Christianized by the itinerant evangelists of the Second Great Awakening, blacks in slavery molded their own distinctive religious forms from a mixture of Christian and African elements—African practices also persisted the “responsorial” style of preaching, in which the congregation punctuates the minister’s remarks with assents and amens, Slavery was intolerably degrading to the victims; they were deprived of the dignity and sense of responsibility that come from independence and the right to make choices, They were denied an education, because reading brought ideas, which brought discontent; many states passed laws forbidding their instruction and about 90% of adult slaves at the beginning of the Civil War was totally illiterate, For all slaves, virtually all blacks, the “American dream” of bettering one’s lot through study and hard work was a cruel and empty mockery, Slaves often slowed the pace of their labor to the barest minimum that would spare them the lash, thus fostering the myth of black “laziness” in the minds of whites; they filched food from the “big house” and pilfered other goods that had been produced or purchased, Slaves sabotaged expensive equipment, stopping the work routine altogether until repairs were accomplished; occasionally they even poisoned their master’s food, The slaves also universally pined for freedom; many took to their heels as runaways, frequently in search of separated family members; others rebelled but not successfully, In 1800 an armed insurrection led by a slave named Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia, was foiled by informers, and its leaders were handed; Denmark Vesey, a free black, led another ill-fated rebellion in Charles ton in 1822 (hanged with followers), In 1831 the semiliterate Nat Turner, a visionary black preacher, led an uprising that slaughtered about sixty Virginians, mostly women and children; reprisals swift, The taint of slavery also lefts its mark on the whites; it fostered the brutality of the whip, the bloodhound, and the branding iron; whit southerners increasingly lived in a state of imagined siege, surrounded by potentially rebellious blacks inflamed by abolitionist propaganda from the North; fears bolstered a theory of biological racial superiority, The south was turned into a reactionary backwater in an era of progress; one of the last bastions of slavery were forced to degrade themselves, along with their victims, The inhumanity of the “peculiar institution” gradually caused antislavery societies to sprout forth; abolitionists sentiment first stirred at the time of the Revolution, especially among Quakers; because of the widespread loathing of blacks, some of the earliest abolitionist efforts focused on transporting the blacks bodily back to Africa, The American Colonization Society was founded for the purpose in 1817 and in 1822 the Republic of Liberia, on the fever-stricken West African coast, was established for former slaves; its capital Monrovia, was named after President Monroe, Some fifteen thousand freed blacks were transported there over the next four decades but most blacks had no wish to be transplanted into a strange civilization, By 1860 virtually all southern slaves were no longer Africans, but native-born African-Americans, with their own distinctive history and culture; yet the colonization idea appeal to some antislaveryites until the time of the Civil War, In the 1830s the abolitionist movement took on new energy and momentum, mounting to the proportions of a crusade; American abolitionists gained fervor in 1833 when their British counterparts unchained the slaves in the West Indies, Most important, religious spirit of the Second Great Awakening now inflamed many abolitionists against the sin of slavery; prominent among them was Theodore Dwight Weld, who had been in New York’s Burned-Over District in 1820s; Weld appealed with special power and directness to his rural audiences of untutored farmers, Spiritually inspired by Finney, Weld was materially aided by two wealthy and devout New York merchants, the brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan; in 1832, they paid his way to Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati which was presided over by the formidable Lyman Beecher, father of a remarkable brood (family of Beechers). 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