The wide intrinsic region makes the PIN diode an inferior rectifier (one typical function of a diode), but it makes the PIN diode suitable for attenuators, fast switches, photo detectors, and high voltage power electronics applications. It will give the logical output by receiving the IR signal. When forward-biased, it acts like a current-controlled variable resistance. One day accidentally when the silicon crystal which has a crack in it was exposed to the sunlight, he found the flow of current through the crystal and that was later called as diode, which was the beginning of the semiconductor era. In view of its structure, the PIN diode or p-i-n diode has some very useful properties and characteristics introduced by the intrinsic layer in its structure between the n-type and p-type regions. History of Diode: In the year 1940 at Bell Labs, Russell Ohl was working with a silicon crystal to find out its properties. Working of Photodiode In the photodiode, a very small reverse current flows through the device that is termed as dark current . • An Important Characteristic of PIN diode is its ability to control large RF signals while using much smaller levels of DC excitation. PIN photodiode has an intrinsic (very lightly doped) semiconductor region sandwiched between a p-doped and an n-doped region (as shown below). It is more than 10 K-Ohm in OFF state condition. It is called so because this current is totally the result of the flow of minority carriers and is thus flows when the device is not exposed to radiation. If your diode is forward biased, then the meter will read between 1 Ω and 100 Ω if it’s in working order. The ReadAnalogVoltage code should work out of the box, methinks. Here, due to heavy doping conduction band of n – type semiconductor overlaps with valence band of p – type material. The PIN diode operates in exactly the same way as a normal diode. It will give the IR to make the common ground with the circuit and Power supply. The photo-diode’s resistance and output voltage change in proportion to the IR light received. Tunnel Diode Working Phenomenon Unbiased Tunnel Diode. PIN (p-type, intrinsic and n-type) structure is mostly used for constructing the photodiode instead of p-n (p-type and n-type) junction structure because PIN structure provide fast response time. A diode is the most basic useful semiconductor device. As result of these characteristics, the PIN diode is used in a number of areas where its properties and characteristics make it uniquely applicable for a number of applications. PIN diode basics. It was also used in a number of microwave applications, although it took until around 1960 before its use became more popular in this application. OUTPUT; COLLECTOR: PIN 3: Pin 3 is an output pin of the internal IR receiver of the optocoupler. The diode starts conducting at 0.7 volts and current through the diode increases linearly with increase in voltage. It is similar to typical P-N junction diode, but its high doping density changes its conductivity up to a large extent. The operation of PIN diode is similar to the normal diode but there are some dissimilarities due to the central intrinsic layer. This region is known as depletion region. The IR phototdiode is sensitive to the IR light emitted by an IR LED. Here the diode is formed of a stack of the three materials, from top to bottom, P, I, N. Last, here's a structure known as a NIP diode. Radiation Effects in a PIN Diode. A photodiode is a PN-junction diode that consumes light energy to produce an electric current. This change in the structure gives the PIN diode its unique properties. How Diodes Work – An Introduction. The only caveat is that the A0 pin will read an A2D value between 0 and 1024, with 1024 being 5V. 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