This page was last edited on 30 January 2013, at 23:08. A study of the behavior of lie-detector subjects, for example, showed that persons later 'proven guilty' showed certain similarities of behavior. Among these are the flat assertions that a person connot be hypnotized against his will; that while hypnotized he cannot be induced to divulge information that he wants urgently to conceal; and that he will not undertake, in trance or through post-hypnotic suggestion, actions to which he would normally have serious moral or ethical objections. She pauses, points at the interrogatee, and asks the guard how his name is spelled. KUBARK Manual: A User’s Guide to Torture? Neither subject stayed in the tank longer than three hours. KUBARK (KUSODA), Communist Control Techniques , Secret, 2 April 1956. 2/3 line deleted], or will questioning be completed elsewhere? Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The CIA Document of Human Manipulation: Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual by www.bnpublishing.com (Paperback / softback, 2012) at the best online prices at eBay! This kind of person affixes himself to others like a leech and clings obsessively. Wasn't he? [10] The cryptonym KUBARK appears in the title of a 1963 CIA document KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation which describes interrogation techniques, including, among other things, "coercive counterintelligence interrogation of resistant sources". Whenever a number of interrogators is available, the percentage of successes is increased by careful matching of questioners and sources and by ensuring that rigid prescheduling does not prevent such matching. The style is sprightly, but most of the material is only slightly related to KUBARK's interrogation problems. “Kubark” – The trainees are put through a training drill that tests their stress levels while Alex tries to gather information and get close to Owen. It has been suggested that a successfully withholding source might be tricked into compliance if led to believe that he is dealing with the opposition. Even though the cost in time and patience is sometimes high, the effort to make the subject feel that his questioner is a sympathetic figure should not be abandoned until all reasonable resources have been exhausted (unless, of course, the interrogation does not merit much time). (22). Because a few tips may make it possible for the interrogator to distinguish between the malingerer and the person who is genuinely ill, and because both illness and malingering are sometimes produced by coercive interrogation, a brief discussion of the topic has been included here. He may also be a Don Juan. This folder consists largely of an article, "Without Torture," by a German ex-interrogator, Hans Joachim Scharff. The subject may be left alone for days; and he may be returned to his cell, allowed to sleep for five minutes, and brought back to an interrogation which is conducted as though eight hours had intervened. 19-28? However, the non-coercive interrogation is not conducted without pressure. (17) [The footnote numerals in this text are keyed to the numbered bibliography at the end.] The Nature of Counterintelligence Interrogation, VIII. And he can create and amplify an effect of omniscience in a number of ways. In either event he seeks constantly some proof or external indication that the guilt of others is greater than his own. The list seems almost endless - a professional manner, forcefulness, understanding and sympathy, breadth of general knowledge, area knowledge, "a practical knowledge of psychology", skill in the tricks of the trade, alertness, perseverance, integrity, discretion, patience, a high I.Q., extensive experience, flexibility, etc., etc. Heightened Suggestibility and Hypnosis, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=KUBARK_Counterintelligence_Interrogation&oldid=4274346, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The tests and results described are worth noting in conjunction with the screening procedures recommended in this paper. The room in which the interrogation is to be conducted should be free of distractions. But KUBARK does not dispose of the time or personnel to probe the depths of each source's individuality. He may even use the time to think up new, more complex "admissions" that take still longer to disprove. He is a poor subject for LCFLUTTER. The walk-in may be asked to identify all relatives and friends in the area, or even the country, in which PBPRIME asylum is first requested. (Orne had previously pointed out that this technique requires that the interrogator possess significant information about the subject without the subject's knowledge.) Therefore the interrogator should intensify the subject's desire to cease struggling by showing him how he can do so without seeming to abandon principle, self-protection, or other initial causes of resistance. If the recalcitrant subject speaks more than one language, it is better to question him in the tongue with which he is least familiar as long as the purpose of interrogation is to obtain a confession. 29. The monographs, in several languages, are not categorized. However, in this instance, the prisoner's hand actually does become warm, a problem easily resolved by the use of a concealed diathermy machine. The number of interrogators used for a single interrogation case varies from one man to a large team. The available evidence suggests that resistance is sapped principally by psychological rather than physical pressures. He has merely learned how to proceed indirectly if necessary. If possible, audio equipment should also be used to transmit the proceedings to another room, used as a listening post. The plan for the interrogation of a traveller differs from that for other types because the time available for questioning is often brief. At the same time, the calculated provision of stimuli during interrogation tends to make the regressed subject view the interrogator as a father-figure. When this aim is achieved, resistance is seriously impaired. The source has identified himself with a cause, a political movement or organization, or an opposition intelligence service. The effectiveness of most of the non-coercive techniques depends upon their unsettling effect. An abrupt switch of languages may trick a resistant source. 13. Pressure tactics or hostility will make them retreat inside themselves, whereas reassurance will bring them out. Particularly important is the reference to matching the drug to the personality of the interrogatee. Buy The CIA Document of Human Manipulation: Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation Manual by The Central Intelligence Agency (eBook) online at Lulu. However, the 5 percent of the noncollaborator sample who resisted actively - who were either decorated by the Army or considered to be 'reactionaries' by the Chinese - differed from the remaining group in precisely the same direction as the collaborator group and could not be distinguished from this group on any variable except age; the resisters were older than the collaborators." This sketchy outline of possible uses of hypnosis in the interrogation of resistant sources has no higher goal than to remind operational personnel that the technique may provide the answer to a problem not otherwise soluble. The aim of the Alice in Wonderland or confusion technique is to confound the expectations and conditioned reactions of the interrogatee. On the other hand, there are valid objections to the adoption of cultural-geographic categories for interrogation purposes (however valid they may be as KUCAGE concepts). It provides counsel to KUBARK personnel on how to resist interrogation conducted by a hostile service. [11][15], In the June 11 to 18, 1995 four-part series, The Baltimore Sun printed excerpts of an interview with Florencio Caballero, a former member of Battalion 3-16. Many of the 20 or so cells inside the prison were little more than stand-alone concrete boxes, some designed for sleep deprivation. Every interrogator knows that a real understanding of the individual is worth far more than a thorough knowledge of this or that pigeon-hole to which he has been consigned. With all of these reservations, then, and with the further observation that those who find these psychological-emotional categories pragmatically valuable should use them and those who do not should let them alone, the following nine types are described. Documents from Bloc countries, or those which are in any respect unusual or unfamiliar, are customarily sent to the proper field or headquarters component for technical analysis. Ignoring or ridiculing his bragging, or cutting him short with a demand that he get down to cases, is likely to make him resentful and to stop the flow. Barioux, Max, "A Method for the Selection, Training, and Evaluation of Interviewers," Public Opinion Quarterly , Spring 1952, Vol. WE SAY it countless times a day, but have you ever stopped to wonder what “OK” stands for? The outer-and-inner office routine may also be employed. This pragmatic objection has somewhat the same validity for a counterintelligence interrogation as for any other. The interrogatee is asked about KGB policy, for example: the relation of the service to its government, its liaison arrangements, etc., etc. This routine works best with women, teenagers, and timid men. A brief summary of the foregoing may help to pull the major concepts of coercive interrogation together: No mention has been made of what is frequently the last step in an interrogation conducted by a Communist service: the attempted conversion. If so, have the added considerations listed on various paragraphs been duly noted? A number of experiments conducted at McGill University, the National Institute of Mental Health, and other sites have attempted to come as close as possible to the elimination of sensory stimuli, or to masking remaining stimuli, chiefly sounds, by a stronger but wholly monotonous overlay. These include [approx. The threat to inflict pain, for example, can trigger fears more damaging than the immediate sensation of pain. 38. Although the article is essentially a speculation rather than a report of verified facts, it merits close reading. The definitions, legal considerations, and discussions of interrogators and sources, as well as Sectio… Has LCFLUTTER been administered? Interrogatees who have withstood pain are more difficult to handle by other methods. The conditional response theory holds that the subject reacts to questions that strike sensitive areas, regardless of whether he is telling the truth or not. The orderly-obstinate character considers himself superior to other people. Survey of the Literature on Interrogation Techniques , KUSODA, 1 March 1957, Confidential. It places them, and KUBARK, in unconside red jeopardy. But even if the source has no further value after his fund of information has been mined, spending some extra time with him in order to replace his new sense of emptiness with new values can be good insurance. Biderman, Albert D., "Communist Techniques of Coercive Interrogation", Air Intelligence , July 1955, Vol. One said, "I know it seems strange now, but I was positively grateful to them when they switched to a topic I knew something about."(3). Does the impression made by the interrogatee during the opening phase of the interrogation confirm or conflict with the preliminary assessment formed before interrogation started? Some recommendations are very specific. The principal advantage here is that hearing everything twice helps the interrogator to note voice, expression, gestures, and other indicators more attentively. The act of recording the stray item or thought on paper fixes it in the interrogatee's mind. In discussing states of heightened suggestibility (which are not, however, states of trance) Orne says, "Both hypnosis and some of the drugs inducing hypnoidal states are popularly viewed as situations where the individual is no longer master of his own fate and therefore not responsible for his actions. The manuals describe coercive techniques to be used "to induce psychological regression in the subject by bringing a superior outside force to bear on his will to resist." The colors of walls, ceiling, rugs, and furniture should not be startling. Intense pain is quite likely to produce false confessions, concocted as a means of escaping from distress. Schachter, Stanley, The Psychology of Affiliation: Experimental Studies of the Sources of Gregariousness , Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1959. Moral considerations aside, the imposition of external techniques of manipulating people carries with it the grave risk of later lawsuits, adverse publicity, or other attempts to strike back.===. (These are discussed in Part VIII.) What are his major psychological characteristics? The best results are obtained when the CI interrogator and the polygraph operator work closely together in laying the groundwork for technical examination. It merits reading but not study, chiefly because of the vast differences between Communist interrogation of American POW's and KUBARK interrogation of known or suspected personnel of Communist services or parties. In other words, a subject who has finally divulged the information sought and who has been given a reason for divulging which salves his self-esteem, his conscience, or both will often be in a mood to take the final step of accepting the interrogator' s values and making common cause with him. 2. 6 lines deleted] A recording is also a valuable training aid for interrogators, who by this means can study their mistakes and their most effective techniques. KUBARK was itself declassified and released to the Baltimore Sun, subsequent to their FOIA request, in 1996. Intelligence interview: obtaining information, not customarily under controlled conditions, by questioning a person who is aware of the nature and perhaps of the significance of his answers but who is ordinarily unaware of the purposes and specific intelligence affiliations of the interviewer. The effectiveness of a threat depends not only on what sort of person the interrogatee is and whether he believes that his questioner can and will carry the threat out but also on the interrogator's reasons for threatening. Nevertheless, the KUBARK interrogator should read this book, especially the chapters by Drs. (15). The CI interrogation techniques are discussed in an order of increasing intensity as the focus on source resistance grows sharper. After a number of tense and hostile sessions the interrogatee is ushered into a different or refurnished room with comfortable furniture, cigarettes, etc.

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