Spanish Is in the Same Language Family as English. It is the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese,[3][4] and the world's fourth-most spoken language, after English, Mandarin Chinese and Hindi. Words of everyday use that are attributed to Celtic sources include camino "road", carro "cart", colmena "hive", and cerveza "beer". In Africa, Spanish is official (along with Portuguese and French) in Equatorial Guinea, as well as an official language of the African Union. [267], The Instituto Cervantes (Cervantes Institute) is a worldwide nonprofit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. In northern Morocco, a former Spanish protectorate that is also geographically close to Spain, approximately 20,000 people speak Spanish as a second language, while Arabic is the de jure official language. The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish. As part of Chile since 1888, Spanish is spoken by most people in Easter Island along with Rapa Nui language. The first documents to show traces of what is today regarded as the precursor of modern Spanish are from the 9th century. Thus, for example, most Spanish-speakers have the same pronunciation for haya (from the verb haber) as for halla (from hallar). It is spoken by more than twenty percent of the world's Spanish speakers (more than 112 million of the total of more than 500 million, according to the table above). New Spanish-Language Hotline Created to Assist Voters by Antoinette Grajeda. [8][9] [74] But by 2012, the number of secondary schools at which the language was either a compulsory subject or an elective had become very limited. Stress most often occurs on any of the last three syllables of a word, with some rare exceptions at the fourth-to-last or earlier syllables. There are important variations (phonological, grammatical, and lexical) in the spoken Spanish of the various regions of Spain and throughout the Spanish-speaking areas of the Americas. [225], The four main phonological divisions are based respectively on (1) the phoneme /θ/ ("theta"), (2) the debuccalization of syllable-final /s/, (3) the sound of the spelled ⟨s⟩, (4) and the phoneme /ʎ/ ("turned y"),[226]. anillo). "[34], From the sixteenth century onwards, the language was taken to the Spanish-discovered America and the Spanish East Indies via Spanish colonization of America. It is estimated that approximately 3000-4000 words in today’s Spanish are derived from Arabic. Iberian and Celtiberian likewise are thought to have contributed place names to Spain. ... Las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas... Throughout its history, Spanish has accepted loanwords, first from pre-Roman languages (including Basque, Iberian, Celtiberian and Gallaecian), and later from Greek, from Germanic languages, from Arabic, from neighboring Romance languages, from Native American languages, and from English. Tuteo as a cultured form alternates with voseo as a popular or rural form in Bolivia, in the north and south of Peru, in Andean Ecuador, in small zones of the Venezuelan Andes (and most notably in the Venezuelan state of Zulia), and in a large part of Colombia. Due to prolonged language contact with other languages, the Spanish lexicon contains loanwords from Basque, Hispano-Celtic (Celtiberian and Gallaecian), Iberian, Germanic (Gothic), Arabic and indigenous languages of the Americas. Basque provinces and Navarre, and Galician for Galicia. The Vulgar Latin spoken by the soldiers, a degenerative form of Latin used … Originally the local dialect of Cantabria in north central Spain, Castilian spread to Castile. (The Academy's dictionary is now accessible on the Internet.) Some of the consonant clusters affected were -ct-, -ct[i]-, -pt-, -gn-, -mn-, -mpt-, and -nct-. Since both areas were historically bilingual with Basque, and Basque once had [h] but no [f], it is often suggested that the change was caused by Basque influence. The dissimilation in the northern and central dialects occurred with the laminodental fricative moving forward to an interdental place of articulation, losing its sibilance to become [θ]. [21] Spanish is the most popular second language learned in the United States. [229][better source needed] Generally, it can be said that there are zones of exclusive use of tuteo (the use of tú) in the following areas: almost all of Mexico, the West Indies, Panama, most of Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and coastal Ecuador. [16] Suffixes such as -iego: mujeriego "womanizer" and -ego: gallego "Galician" are also attributed to Celtic sources. [71] But despite a significant decrease in influence and speakers, Spanish remained an official language of the Philippines when it became independent in 1946, alongside English and Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog. info)) is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. The distinction between the sounds grew in the dialects of northern and central Spain by paradigmatic dissimilation, but dialects in Andalusia and the Americas merged both sounds. This too tended to assimilate with modern Spanish, during the Spanish occupation of the region. Exceptions to those rules are indicated by an acute accent mark over the vowel of the stressed syllable. There are 207,750 people who speak another language, mainly Garifuna (98,000). The development of the Spanish sound system from that of Vulgar Latin exhibits most of the changes that are typical of Western Romance languages, including lenition of intervocalic consonants (thus Latin .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}vīta > Spanish vida). Spanish also borrowed a considerable number of words from Arabic, as well as a minor influence from the Germanic Gothic language through the migration of tribes and a period of Visigoth rule in Iberia. *Solitario, which is derived from sōlitārium, is a learned word; cf. The Academy published its first dictionary in six volumes over the period 1726–1739, and its first grammar in 1771,[10] and it continues to produce new editions of both from time to time. Castilian dialects of Spanish started to take form around the 13th century with King Alfonso X, referred to as the Learned-King of Castile and Leon. Spanish-speaking voters can call a new hotline to ask election questions or report voter intimidation. [50] As a result, the sound system then contained two sibilant fricative phonemes whose contrast depended entirely on a subtle distinction between their places of articulation: apicoalveolar, in the case of the /s/, and laminodental, in the case of the new fricative sibilant /s̪/, which was derived from the affricate /tÍ¡s/. A similar situation occurred in the American Southwest, including California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, where Spaniards, then criollos (Tejanos, Californios, etc.) In the late 19th century, the still-Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico encouraged more immigrants from Spain, and similarly other Spanish-speaking countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, and to a lesser extent Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama and Venezuela, attracted waves of European immigration, Spanish and non-Spanish, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Spanish placename Córdoba, often spelled Cordova in Old Spanish (the spelling that prevailed in English until the 20th century), now reflects the spelling used by the city's Roman founders, "Corduba". The ultimate goals of the Institute are to promote universally the education, the study, and the use of Spanish as a second language, to support methods and activities that help the process of Spanish-language education, and to contribute to the advancement of the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures in non-Spanish-speaking countries. In 711 Spain was invaded by Moors, who brought the Arabic language to the Peninsula. Spanish is a fusional language. These words did not exist in Spanish prior to the 15th century. The influence of Germanic languages is very little on phonological development, but rather is found mainly in the Spanish lexicon. annum > Spanish año, and Latin anellum > Spanish Areas of generalized voseo include Argentina, Nicaragua, eastern Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Uruguay and the Colombian departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindio and Valle del Cauca.[228]. Rioplatense Spanish (of Argentina and Uruguay) is particularly known for the pronunciation [ʒ] of both /ʝ/ and original /ʎ/. Despite an English-Only Drive", "15 datos sobre el peso del español en EEUU que Donald Trump debería ver", "Argentinian census INDEC estimate for 2021", https://www.one.gob.do/demograficas/proyecciones-de-poblacion/poblacion-estimada-y-proyectada, "South America :: Bolivia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", El español: una lengua viva – Informe 2019, "South America :: Paraguay — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Annual Mid year Population Estimates: 2013", Spanish in the world 2012 (Instituto Cervantes), "FILIPINAS / Vigoroso regreso del español", "World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revi sion, Key Findings and Advance Tables", El español en el contexto Sociolingüístico marroquí: Evolución y perspectivas (page 39), "An increasingly diverse linguistic profile: Corrected data from the 2016 Census", "2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013", "Belize Airports Analysis | Statistical Institute of Belize", "Demografía de la lengua española", page 35, Evolution de la population par sexe de 1976 à 2012, "Press Release on Major Figures of the 2010 National Population Census", "Population – Key Indicators | Latvijas statistika", "::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages::", "Census of India : Provisional Population Totals : India :Census 2011", "Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", Demografía de la lengua española, page 37, "International Programs – People and Households – U.S. Census Bureau", "The 30 Most Spoken Languages in the World", "Variation in palatal production in Buenos Aires Spanish", "A Brief Guide to Regional Variation of the Forms of Address (Tú, Vos, Usted) in Spanish", "Exclusión de ch y ll del abecedario | Real Academia Española", "Association of Spanish Language Academies", "Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española", "Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española", "Academia Nacional de Letras del Uruguay", "Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española", "Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española", "Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española", US now has more Spanish speakers than Spain – only Mexico has more, "Spanish Stress Assignment within the Analogical Modeling of Language", "Does Spanish Have Fewer Words Than English? also receive accents in direct or indirect questions, and some demonstratives (ése, éste, aquél, etc.) [24], With the development of the Spanish Empire in the New World came lexical borrowing from indigenous languages of the Americas, especially vocabulary dealing with flora, fauna, and cultural concepts unique to the Americas. Llibre dels fets). The most frequently used word that entered Spanish from (or through[14]) Basque is izquierda "left". Castilian dialect, a dialect of the Spanish language (q.v. 6. Spanish is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of American States, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the African Union, the Union of South American Nations, the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, the Latin Union, the Caricom, the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Inter-American Development Bank, and numerous other international organizations. Jan 1, 1500, Spain Takes Over Peru Jan 1, 1713, Royal Spanish Academy is Founded Jan 1, 1300, Spanish is Declared Official Language of Spain Jan 1, 1800, Spain Loses Most American Colonies in Spanish-American War Spanish of the 16th and 17th centuries is sometimes called "classical" Spanish, referring to the literary accomplishments of that period. From Basque esku, "hand" + erdi, "half, incomplete". From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines, which were a part of the Spanish East Indies, were governed by the Captaincy General of the Philippines as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain centered in Mexico. Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula, Distribution in Spanish-speaking regions of the Americas, Association of Spanish Language Academies, Official use by international organizations, Dialects and languages influenced by Spanish, Note that in English, "Castilian" or "Castilian Spanish" may be understood as referring to, harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFEberhard_et_al.2020 (. Middle '' stage in the Americas and brought with him the Castilian Spanish language the country with the colonization America! Including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek Latin /b/ between vowels usually changed to /v/ in Spanish! 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