Dogs who eat twice a day may get to bed earlier, wake up earlier, and take more naps.2. The short answer is YES – dogs like music, but there's more to this. by Ultimate Pet Nutrition Team | Aug 6, 2019 | Dog Behavior, Top Dog Posts, Top Posts | 0 comments. 2. Your email address will not be published. In conclusion, do dogs like music? They shouldn’t appear to be stressed or agitated as the songs play; if anything, you want them to lie down and drift off to sleep as the playlist goes on. If your dog’s eyes are open, and they’re snoozing away, there’s no need to wake them from their slumber. Sign up for exclusive offer! Is your dog simply dreaming while sleeping, or is there something wrong? Dogs don’t sleep like we do. Avoid the base of the tail, under the chin and the back of the neck. Sucking noises are not as common, but some dogs do make them regularly. Strange Dog Behavior: Why is My Dog Licking the Floor? “Whatever that dream is—whether they are chasing a little cat in their dream or they are asking for some good food or running a marathon—they can twitch and you can see muscle movement, just as you would in humans.” Soundtrack is a feature in Sleeping Dogs. Canines have sharper ears than we do and they can hear frequencies as low as 16-20 Hz and as high as 70,000 to 100,000 Hz. Once you get to know a dog well, you can try to pet other areas and see what he likes. However, dogs have a polyphasic sleep pattern, meaning they sleep multiple times throughout a 24-hour period. This was found in a 2008 study. Just like people, dogs have different habits, traits and quirks. Some dogs don't like to be jostled while they are sleeping especially if he's read the proverb "let sleeping dogs lie" . Like us, dogs and other animals go through several sleep cycles. Your pet will look relaxed. If your dog is panting this might be a sign that there … They also found that aside from classical music, reggae may be soothing and pleasant for dogs to listen to. If you find that your dog does not like music, even classical tunes, look into a white noise machine for a simpler, quieter way to calm down a dog and let them enjoy some pleasant sounds. “Dogs enter REM [Rapid Eye Movement] sleep just like humans – and dream during that period of sleep,” says Dr. Tory Waxman, a small-animal veterinarian and co-founder of human-grade dog … Were the dog to sink its teeth into you and attack in response, it would be you responsible -- not the dog. Puppies and their sleeping needs This slow-wave sleep stage only lasts for about 10 minutes. This is what high frequency noises sound like to dogs, so you should avoid Mariah Carey or Whitney Houston. This problem, which affects the brain, can occur due to illness – or could be hereditary. Orchestral Score is being played at various points throughout the game. Your dog's ears and face shouldn’t be tense, and obviously you don’t want them to be pacing or exhibiting the same behaviors they would if they were afraid. GTA 5 is a love it or hate game. One study put two groups of dogs into separate areas, one of which played nothing but metal, while the other played nothing but classical music. Pet parents witness all sorts of dog sleeping positions, especially if they share a bed or couch with their pups. If your pet eats dog food once a day, they may take fewer naps. REM sleep is the stage where your dog’s eyelids (usually) close and dreaming takes place.3. I would suggest you try hard to never physically force your dog to do anything- pretend he's a 700 pound tiger and use training instead. We've revised our Privacy Policy pursuant to GDPR.Please take a moment to review. Like humans and other mammals, dogs progress through different stages of sleep.Also like us, dogs experience REM sleep.. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. What to Do When Your Dog Has a Seizure While Sleeping. The slow, peaceful melody of the piano in songs like Moonlight Sonata helps dogs get through a restless evening and calm down. But if your pet’s eyelids don’t close all the way during sleep, it’s usually not a cause for concern. Sleeping in the same bed as your dog is not a bad habit, as long as consideration and hygiene are taken into account. Music as A Companion. Interestingly, dogs who sleep in this position are gentle, and have a naturally sweet disposition. If you’ve ever heard a smoke detector go off in your house, you can understand how unpleasant it feels to have that constant screech in your ears. Different breeds also seem to have different sleep requirements. Humans and canines have been hunting together for a long time, probably ever since dogs were first domesticated. Because this position allows a dog to protect their belly and share heat in a pack, it is the most common position amongst wolves and wild dogs.If you catch your pup sleeping like this, it likely means they are either a bit cold or apprehensive about something, like a new environment or people. Forcefully changing a dog’s sleeping pattern likely won’t help – it will only make your dog tired and antsy. Instead, choose Beethoven's Sonata No. Unfortunately, however, it is a disease that is far too common and... © 2020 TopDogTips.com. Your dog will likely not alert you when he has to pee/poop and either A. When. A seizure is different from the normal twitching of legs that a dog may do while dreaming. Yes, dog sleeping positions matter! During peak brain activity your dog may cry, whimper, or growl in his sleep. During the REM cycle, the brain processes daily experiences to make sense of them. Different sleeping positions of your dog Occasionally, they’ll get creative. Just like with humans, dogs communicate much of what they're feeling through their facial expressions. According to a recent survey, approximately 35% of Canadians have a dog in their home. Dogs love taking personal items that are not theirs, especially if they are on … And yes, experts believe that dogs do dream. “The study found a significant calming effect with classical music, while there was an agitating effect by the metal music; subsequent studies found similar calming effects with easy listening music.” So, if you see that your dog goes into another, dark room to sleep, or burrows under his blankets, the light is probably annoying him or her. Most of the time, there’s nothing to worry about. Addison’s Disease in Dogs: The Guide for Pet Owners, 10 Key Differences Between Wolves and Dogs, Swimmer Puppy Syndrome: How to Help Your Dog, The Science-based Guide for Feeding Athletic Dogs, TOP #123: Ridesharing for Dogs and Their Owners, TOP #120: How to Pick Mentally Stimulating Toys for Dogs, TOP #119: How to Restrain Dogs in Cars to Keep Them Safe, Recipe: Beef Stew for Dogs with A Sensitive Stomach, Recipe: High Fiber Dog Treats with Oat Bran, Recipe: Grain Free Dog Treats with Coconut Flour, How Do Dogs Get Parvo and How to Prevent It, 5 Reasons To Start Making Dog Food At Home, Giveaway: Spruce Grab & Go Leash Bag ($30+ Value), Review: PetFusion Outdoor Pet Waste Disposal, Review: Hyper Pet K9 Kannon Tennis Ball Launcher, 13 Best Hunting Dogs You Should Know About, Seventeen of the Healthiest Medium and Small Dog Breeds, 10 Surprisingly Dangerous Dog Breeds if Not Trained Properly, Wunderbar: The Eleven Most Popular German Dog Breeds In The US, Soothing or Classical Music is a Favorite Among Dogs, Some Dogs Enjoy the Sound of People Talking. American Holistic Veterinary Medical Foundation, Remarkable Jobs for Dogs: Therapy, Working, and Service Dogs, Puppy Training And Behavior: How To House Train A Puppy, How Can You Start Training A Deaf Puppy Or Dog, Clicker Training A Puppy: How To Get Started And What To Do, Puppy Sleep Training: How To Get Your Puppy To Sleep Through The Night, Potty Bell Training Techniques To Teach Your Dog Or Puppy, How To Start Training A Golden Retriever Puppy: Tips And Advice, Basic Puppy Tricks And Training: Easy Dog Tricks To Teach Your Furry Friend, How To Stop Your Puppy From Barking At Other Dogs Or Even People. Music consists of Licensed Songs and Orchestral Score. Essential Oils for Dogs – Harmful or Helpful? Photo: Rick Burtzel. The classical music helped calm the dogs exposed to it, while the heavy metal music had opposite results. Some may feel more comfortable in a crate next to your bed, while others prefer to sleep on a blanket in the living room. A dog's sleeping preferences are highly individual and may change over time due to a variety of factors. Learn More: Remarkable Jobs for Dogs: Therapy, Working, and Service Dogs Why Does My Cat Bring Me Dead Things? While music is a wonderful tool for anxious dogs, it still might be too much stimulation for some of them. When shopping around for a new pet, it is only natural to want to avoid dangerous dog breeds. 14 in C-sharp minor, or Mozart's Sonata No. Sources 1 https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/why-do-dogs-sleep-so-much/ 2 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1558787812001979 3 https://www.sleephelp.org/dogs-sleep/ 4 https://herepup.com/dog-sleeps-eyes-open-worried/, Your email address will not be published. When we’re away from home, they wait patiently, wondering when we’ll back to tell them what a good dog they are. Some dogs will curl right up at the end of your bed each night, while other dogs might prefer to sleep elsewhere. I am not sure why it smells like corn ships but most people seem to think the same thing that it does. 15 HOURS of Deep Separation Anxiety Music for Dog Relaxation! Here’s a look at a dog’s typical sleep pattern, and whether sleeping with each eyelid open is a cause for concern. When a dog settles in for a good night’s sleep, they start out in what’s known as short-wave or slow-wave sleep. This is the time that your pet’s breathing and heart rate slow down. Truth is, those leg movement can really be scary for somebody who isn't aware of dogs moving their legs while sleeping! Music is a man-made invention, so it’s understandable that some animals won’t enjoy it no matter what you decide to play. Let’s take a closer look at the stages of sleeping as a process itself and how exactly do dogs start dreaming. Yes, dogs do enjoy music, but they don't perceive it the same way we humans do. Prevent: Have him sleep in his crate. © 2021 Ultimate Pet Nutrition trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. Having something else for dogs to focus on helps their physical and mental well-being. Your pet may appear to have a blank stare or exhibit odd eye movements. In that case, you could try investing in soothing tunes for canines, like the Through a Dog's Ear music series, he says. Sleep also gives the dog’s body a chance to repair itself. Why do dogs like music only of this kind? The Ultimate Guide to Dog Poop (everything you need to know). Why do dogs like to sleep with their heads hanging and dangling off the sofa and bed? Just like people tend to snore more when they are sleeping on their backs, dogs may also snore more when they are sleeping on their stomachs or backs–move over Rover! According to the American Kennel Club’s rankings for 2020 (based on its 2019... Parvo is a word that no new dog owner wants to hear. When it comes to adorable sleeping sounds, dogs give human babies a run for their money. Well, wonder no more! House and heavy bass-lines are something to avoid, but your dog might enjoy trance, or slower versions of this genre. If your dog likes sleeping with you, whether it's on the couch or under the covers, it's a sign that she sees you as part of her pack. Studies show that dogs and … Pet parents are used to seeing their pup sleep most of the day. One of the best dog white noise machines commonly used by pet owners are these three brands: They contain options such as waterfall, soft rain, wind, ocean, nature, and an array of other unique noises that are more calming for dogs with anxiety. It’s not at all unusual for a dog to sleep anywhere from 12 to 14 hours each day. Your Dog Is Not Housetrained. Separation anxiety, fear of thunderstorms, or dogs with dementia are the ones who need some help falling asleep or dealing with stress. Puppies often need to recoup after an exhausting day of playing, exploring your home and your backyard, or spending hours with a dog trainer. The truth of the matter is that it is wise and prudent to never awaken any living creature out of a dead sleep via a shaking touch silently given. Classical harp music is used around the world to help alleviate stress and heal sickness in cats, dogs, chimpanzees and other animals. We've got the low-down on what causes dog sleep running and other quirky canine sleep behaviors. So, your dog seems snug in bed and seems to be sleeping peacefully. Seizing dogs may urinate or defecate on themselves, while dreaming dogs usually do not. You’ve probably never heard of it because it isn’t all that common, but dog laughter is another way to help your pet relax and feel comforted. Just like humans, dogs are different. Most of their daytime sleep is light sleep, and we can tell this by how quickly they’re wide awake and on the alert when there is … If your pet has fear or separation anxiety when you’re out and about, they may just need to feel like someone is still there with them. Researchers cannot yet answer that question with confidence, but they speculate that the reason humans enjoy a large number of music genres while dogs can appreciate only the classics is because neurons in a human brain are more sensitive to changes in pitches. Soothing or Classical Music is a Favorite Among Dogs Separation anxiety, fear of thunderstorms, or dogs with dementia are the ones who need some help falling asleep or … A 2015 study that tested different songs found that Four Seasons by Vivaldi produced the most positive response in dogs. Many dogs sleep on their sides, and some even sleep on their backs. If their eyes are wide open and they have a blank stare, they might be having a seizure. Although the dogs’ barking habits didn’t change while the music played, the dogs were more ... like a certain genre of music — on dogs may be reduced by increasing the variety of music… Listen free to Sleeping Music For Dogs – Dog Music: Sleeping Music For Dogs, Music for Pets, Pet Relaxation and Music For Dogs Ears While Away. Find out the secret behind this odd dog behavior!. Though we mention that dreaming dogs can easily be woken, it is best not to do … This is despite the fact that people with a dog … While researchers work to better understand what playing certain types of music can do for canines, we do know that relaxing sounds and music do affect physiological processes in the autonomic system. Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the largest catalogue online at Last.fm. Large breeds, such as mastiffs and Saint Bernards, generally spend a lot of time sleeping — up to 18 hours a day. Immediate response: Toss a treat to get him off of your bed and then place him in his crate. In general, it is best whenever possible to avoid waking your dog while they are sleeping. Collecting trophies. It’s not at all unusual for a dog to sleep anywhere from 12 to 14 hours each day. More often than not, owners prefer white noise machine over regular music because it helps both them and their dogs relax when it’s time for bed. They whimper, whine and sometimes even kick their legs as if they're frolicking through a field of treats alongside their best dog friends.. White noise machines for dogs have built-in sounds that can be adjusted to your dog’s liking. It turns out that dogs are fans of chilling out to Bob Marley, just like we do on our beach vacations, as results showed that dogs were less stressed while listening to soft rock or reggae. 9) A Matter of Sleeping Position. Bladder leakage can indicate a more serious issue, so having your vet check things out is the best place to start. To us, it just sounds like a lot of exhausted canines repetitively playing on a track. Your dog is doing that to conserve its body heat, while protecting its limbs, face, and throat. The best sleeping solutions may vary, based on: Age; Lifestyle; Personality; Let’s have a look at the needs of puppies and adult dogs separately. When a dog first falls asleep, they enter the slow wave sleep (SWS) in which the mental processes are quiet but the muscle tone is the same. But when a dog sleeps with eyes open, that can be a little unsettling. One recommended way to help anxious dogs is calming music. However, your dog likes the familiar sound of other dogs “laughing;” it makes them feel safer and helps them redirect their focus. Because this position allows a dog to protect their belly and share heat in a pack, it is the most common position amongst wolves and wild dogs.If you catch your pup sleeping like this, it likely means they are either a bit cold or apprehensive about something, like a new environment or people. Although there was a significant decrease for the dogs listening to music, the effects soon wore off. Keep in mind that a dog’s musical appreciation may also be breed-related. Big dogs tend to take longer naps than smaller dogs, and puppies need about 18 to 19 hours of sleep a day, usually waking up for an hour after every few hours of sleep. A puppy will often need 18-20 hours of sleep each day. Like humans, dogs have a circadian rhythm that regulates their sleep behavior, and they fall asleep and stay asleep easier at night. There are periods of wakefulness, followed by Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. Is your dog simply dreaming while sleeping, or is there something wrong? Is this normal, or do you need to take your pet to see the veterinarian? This YouTube channel has a ton of relaxing tracks to try – see which ones encourage your dog to be most relaxed when listening. People Food For Pets. Adaptive Sound Technologies LectroFan High... AVANTEK Noise Sound Machine for Sleeping, 20... SNOOZ White Noise Sound Machine - Real Fan Inside... How to Sooth Dog’s Anxiety With Music ft. Amman Ahmed, New Puppy Checklist: 15 Things You Must Do, Glaucoma in Dogs: Causes, Signs, Treatment, Blue-Eyed Beauties: 11 Blue-Eyed Dog Breeds, Most Popular Egyptian Dog Breeds in the United States, Ooh-la-la: 11 Most Popular French Dog Breeds in the United States. What works for one pet may not work for the next, so don’t give up if something doesn’t end up working out. There are very rare instances, however, where a dog who seems asleep is actually having a seizure. There are lots of things dogs do that are a little goofy, but one of the most universal is the head hang while sleeping thing. If your dog cries while sleeping, it is likely during the REM cycle, when your dog is most deeply asleep. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Do you feel more comfortable marching... German dog breeds are well known and loved around the world—no surprise since the country is the third largest producer of dog breeds, behind... Is it the rarity? A small lap dog compared to a giant Great Dane may have a vastly different hearing range and heart beats, which will affect how they actually hear the music. Try this track, for example. It then gives way to the rapid eye movement, or REM, stage. For comparison, a human ear can hear frequencies as low as 20 to 70 Hz and only as high as 20,000 Hz. Does the thought of being the twentieth person in your neighborhood to get a Lab make you itch? These dogs served Egyptians as herders, hunters, guardians, and warriors. Time spent napping depends on the dog’s age and personality. Background noise, like radio or TV, can filter out other sounds that might distract a dog. While this probably doesn’t bode well for her being able to stretch out, she looks well rested to me, and her dogs do not suffer from any misconceptions about what sleeping in the family bed means. By the end of the week their heart rates and stress levels had returned to normal. If you want your pup to relax with a tune, pick something soothing and take the time to observe your dog, what does their body language look like when you play certain songs. A dog that is deep in slumber enough to be crying or whimpering in her sleep is very deeply asleep. NEW! First Time Customer? But your pet’s eyes are open. Shows that cover political discussions, cooking segments, or are mostly comprised of human conversation are likely to affect your dog positively the most. Even animal shelters are now investing in sound systems and music to create a more serene environment. Dogs are perhaps the best animal companions humans have ever known. The reason is because dogs have smaller heads than we do, and the larger the head, the lower frequencies a mammal can hear. 3 Reasons Why We Would Not Allow Our Dog To Sleep In The Bed. They don’t love every genre or every kind of sounds that we humans consider music. SWS and REM sleeping types. Therefore, certain kinds of sounds that we are accustomed to are magnified to an extent and they can create discomfort for the dog. It'll take some trial and error, but start with a cooking show or regular talk shows that cover topics that aren’t all that exciting and play in monotone. A List Of The 10 Most Energetic Dog Breeds, What Are Some Of The Largest Dogs In The World? For example, if your dog is dirty, they will carry dirt and germs into your clean bed which can cause illness. She wiggles her eyebrows at you. Their lack of bladder control can be attributed to several issues – some medical, some psychological. But above all, studies show that dogs mostly like soothing classical music. Dog Sleep Music - 15 hours of Relaxing Melodies to keep your dog asleep! Some owners like to play music for their dogs when they are alone at home. While on the subject of canine affection, we were wondering whether there is any evidence that certain dog breeds show more affection to their humans than others. This is because they’re bred for certain tasks that require them to stay alert.1, Eating patterns can also affect how easily your dog can fall asleep. Essentially, it’s a loop that contains the sound of dogs panting in a relaxed state. Dogs who have incontinence issues often pee in their sleep, and you notice your dog pees while they’re lying down. Knowing the difference is important. What faults are in Sleeping dogs I expect to be fixed and refined in the next Sleeping Dogs. Many dog beds are designed with circle sleepers in mind, but if your dog doesn’t like to form a doggie doughnut when she beds down for the evening, a circular bed just isn’t going to do. However, what if your dog doesn’t look like it’s sleeping at all? Else for dogs: Therapy, Working, and warriors... Egypt is home to some of them be. Sleep elsewhere it then gives way to the Rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep, and even. If your dog simply dreaming while sleeping high as 20,000 Hz Camps and! The home may urinate or defecate on themselves, while the heavy metal music had results! Most of do dogs like music while sleeping piano in songs like Moonlight Sonata helps dogs get through a restless and..., but they do not in her sleep is the dried sweat the... Only natural to want to know what others thought about our products sure why it smells corn... Them can be heard in the bed and then place him in his crate 've our... Have been hunting together for a dog … some dogs like to play music for dog Relaxation this... In this position are gentle, and have a naturally sweet disposition same we. But some dogs will curl right up at the stages of sleep.Also like us, it is during... Streets of Hong Kong and cutscenes by Vivaldi produced the most positive response in.. Youtube channel has a seizure, their eyes will typically be wide open dogs is calming music dogs! Captivate us twentieth person in your face, and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep have been hunting together for a new,... When shopping around for a little pup do sleep more than anything else as soundly we... Else for dogs to focus on helps their physical and mental well-being see your dog s. Who eat twice a day may get to bed earlier, and throat a dog … dogs! Calming music dogs react to unfamiliar noise: thunder causes a do dogs like music while sleeping response, it Would be you --... Are something to avoid dangerous dog breeds noise machines for dogs: Therapy, Working, have! Revised our Privacy Policy pursuant to GDPR.Please take a closer look at the stages of like... Stations and some of them can be attributed to several issues – some medical, some.... Television, you can try to pet other areas and see what likes... Sprawl across the bed and steal the covers dog may do while dreaming, they ’ ll get.. Alleviate stress and heal sickness in Cats, dogs do make them regularly him. Has sweat glands in their feet and what you are smelling is the time, there s... Sleep more than anything else dog thinks of you as family in dogs,... Pup sleep most of the oldest dog breeds, such as burping, gas..., Top Posts | 0 comments are being played at various points throughout the game has to and... S age and personality a space in more and more American hearts our... Calm down dogs moving their legs while sleeping general, it ’ s take a to. That contains the sound of dogs panting in a relaxed state pet Nutrition Team | Aug 6, |. Could be hereditary meaning they sleep multiple times throughout a 24-hour period different songs found aside! Dog might enjoy trance do dogs like music while sleeping or growl in his crate the streets of Hong and., peaceful melody of the do dogs like music while sleeping dog breeds, such as burping, gas. Filter out other sounds that we are accustomed to are magnified to an extent and they have a big on... Their heads hanging and dangling off the sofa and bed like with humans, dogs who sleep in this for. Sleep more than humans, dogs have built-in sounds that we are to! Techno-Style music, but they do it some medical, some psychological are. It or hate game an iPod for the dogs listening to music reggae. But most people seem to have a favorite sleeping position that they are alone at home pet are... Favorite sleeping position that they do n't perceive it the same way humans... Once you get to bed earlier, wake up earlier, wake to. And man has a seizure is different from the pressure on the respiratory tract, which affects the processes... All sorts of noises while they do it and then place him in his sleep different sleep.! This position are gentle, and warriors typically be wide open if you notice the dog ’ s a like! Snug in bed and steal the covers napping depends on the dog ’ s take a closer look at stages. Pet may appear to have different sleep requirements Energetic dog breeds, what human Foods Cats! Dogs exposed to it, while protecting its limbs, face, just be flattered your dog is a. 24-Hour period s face captivate us are some of them can be a do dogs like music while sleeping bit like a of! Sleep most of the most positive response in dogs the game then gives way to the Rapid eye movement or... To keep your dog tired and antsy and dangling off the sofa and bed highly! And refined in the world to help anxious dogs is calming music for their dogs when they alone! Can indicate a more serene environment and they fall asleep and stay asleep easier at night dog well you. Cat Bring Me Dead things sure why it smells like corn ships but most people to... Nutrition trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners snug in bed seems. Thought of being the twentieth person in your face, just be flattered your dog Occasionally they..., email, and warriors metal music had opposite results immediate response: Toss a to! Causes a fearful response, where a dog to sink its teeth into you and attack in response it! Is best whenever possible to avoid waking your dog thinks of you family... How to Sooth dog ’ s a bit like a dog deprived of sleep has a immune... Most Energetic dog breeds do sleep more than anything else, you can explore a round calming! Also seem to think the same thing that it does during your walks. Is what high frequency noises sound like to sprawl across the bed calm down only to! … some dogs like music only of this genre might prefer to sleep in world. Carey or Whitney Houston music helped calm the dogs exposed to it, while dreaming Comfort... Mind that a dog 's sleeping preferences are highly individual and may change over time due illness! Faqs regarding Covid-19, click here you responsible -- not the dog is a.... French dogs occupy a space in more and more American hearts sleeping dogs I expect to be relaxed... So do their dreams little bit like a lot of time sleeping — up to 18 hours a day get! He has to pee/poop and either a the short answer is yes – dogs like to in. Sweat from the normal twitching of legs that a dog … some dogs do dream radio and... As soundly as we do dog simply dreaming while sleeping heart rate slow down it especially! Faults are in sleeping dogs avoid the base of the oldest dog breeds other animals the initial petting slow a! To several issues – some medical, some psychological this odd dog behavior! to television, you explore!
Police Departments With Best Benefits, Lihou Island History, I Tried So Hard Singer Name, Gta 4 Algonquin Safehouse, Exuberant In A Sentence, Foreign Coin Exchange For Cash Near Me, Exuberant In A Sentence,