According to Mondal et al. Retting of jute is a kind of fermentation process in which the cortical and phloem tissues of the bark of the plants containing free strands are decomposed to separate fibre from non-fibrous woody stem (Asaduzzaman and Abdullah, 1998, Bose, 1969; Ray and Mandal, 1967).The fermentative microorganisms consume the cementing materials viz., the pectins, hemicelluloses and … Online Agriculture Test Series, Previous Year Question Paper and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Ditches, tanks and pools are also used for retting. • Retting duration is very long • Longer retting duration encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from top portion of the plants. Gently flowing, fairly deep, clear and soft water is ideal for retting. Whole sterns were retted for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days. Review of Some Factors Influencing Jute Fiber Quality. Epoxy LY556 and Hardner is Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore, India. Good retting: 29: Optimum temperature required for retting is about: 34 °C. retting in jute and sunnhemp 1. Whole stem retting was incorporated in the study to broaden the base of comparison. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. polymyxa, five strains ofB. In India  which state has first position both in area and production, Planting time of white jute _________in low and mid lands, Planting time of yellow to red jute _________in mid and uplands, JRC-321 (Sonali), JRC-212 (Sabuj sona), JRC7447 (Shyamli) are the variety of, Optimum temperature required for retting is about, National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at, It is a microbial process in which aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi loosen the fiber by decomposing & dissolving the pectin, hemi- cellulose and other cementing agents, Small pod stage /initiation of pod formation. NABARD Norms Solar Photo Voltaic Pumping System. Bundles of jute stems are kept in water for about 2 to 3 weeks for retting. Retting of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and consequent arsenic pollution in surface water bodies. retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400. One kilogram for each handful, with a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel. Jute requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period. Summary: A total of 1,438 colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria has been isolated from samples of retted jute stems collected from 12 districts of East Pakistan. Among the storage temperatures, jute leaves sealed in polyethylene bags can be stored longer at 8 °C. Over retting results in dazed weak fiber. The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. They were air dried … Three strains ofBacillus macerans, four strains ofB. Working off-campus? Citing Literature. Temperatures ranging to more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation. Within two to three … 30: Rib boning process is related to: Jute: 31: Beat- Break-jerk method used for: Fiber extraction: 32: National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at : Kolkata Of these, 169 isolates have been purified and characterized. Flow ever jute is grown widely in sandy loams and clay loams. Later these are covered with water­hyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc. The end point of retting is determined by inspecting few stems, each day from tenth day … vii. Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for a long period where decomposition sets in. Required fields are marked *, How many types of cultivated species of jute, Leaf is bitter in taste of white jute is  due to. cereus, one strain ofB. Jute is an eco-friendly and bio-degradable natural product with no adverse effect on the environment. In this procedure, the harvested plant stalks are spread evenly in grassy fields, where the combined action of bacteria, sun, air, and dew produces fermentation, dissolving much of the stem material surrounding the fibre bundles. washed, air dried, and combed. A Review: Maceration in Relation to the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of Plant Material. Strains within each species usually differ in their capacity to ret jute. After retting, the bark is peeled off from the plant and the fibre is removed. Kenaf and jute can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae (Banik et al., 1993). The finest fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature. Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of cellulolytic bacteria. Both retting ponds have similar geographic locations, depths, and general weather patterns and are located north of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. Most of the defects in fiber are due to faulty retting. Retting process is used for obtaining fibres from stems of flax, hemp, jute etc. The water, penetrating to the central stalk portion, swells the inner cells, bursting the outermost layer, thus increasing absorption of both moisture and decay-producing bacteria. Other articles where Water retting is discussed: retting: In water retting, the most widely practiced method, bundles of stalks are submerged in water. • The quality of fibre will be improved at least by 2 to 3 grade. Retting is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. Which country rank first in both area and production of jute in world. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. Retting of jute is done because while retting the tight stalk of bundles, are taken to the ponds or tanks so that the fibres gets separated from the wooden part. Occurrence of pectolytic activity among species of the genusBacillus. Raw material. Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan. Agriculture Field Officer(IBPS-AFO). Reinforcing Potential of Enzymatically Modified Natural Fibers. quality, quantity, nature and temperature of water during retting, presence of micro-organisms etc. Jute requires a warm and humid climate with temperature between 24° C to 37° C. Constant rain or water-logging is harmful. Retting is the process of dissolving of plant tissues in the presence of microorganisms and moisture. Jute – ICARE a programme initiated by NJB in association with CRIJAF & JCI with an aims at mechanization in jute farming in a farmer-friendly way and accelerated retting using microbial consortium for improved income for jute farmers. They probably enter stems over the whole surface through stomata, as well as through cut ends and leaf scars, after immersion for retting. They have been found to comprise 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas and 13 species. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Jute Crop All Important One Liner Questions, Your email address will not be published. New questions in Environmental Sciences +27710971100 SSD CHEMICAL FOR CLEAN BLACK MONEY IN GAUTENG, LIMPOPO, MPUMALANGA, NORTH WEST, SSD Chemical Solution used to clean all type of black mo … ney, tainted and defaced … It is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. In February 1955, at a room temperature of 35 to 37 C, the bacterium was found to ret jute completely in 9 days. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. Bacteria capable of retting jute are present in pond water, in the soil of jute fields, and on the surface of jute plants. 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